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Pre-Establishment History – Ancient and Colonial Era

The Satpura region, named after the Satpura Range, has a rich history shaped by indigenous communities and colonial influences, long before its designation as a national park.

• Indigenous Presence: The forests of Satpura were home to tribal communities like the Gonds and Korkus, who lived in harmony with nature, using forest resources for sustenance while revering the region’s rivers and hills as sacred.
• Colonial Exploitation: During British rule in the 19th century, the Satpura forests were heavily exploited for timber and game hunting, with tigers and other wildlife targeted, leading to ecological degradation.
• Early Conservation Awareness: By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, British forest officials introduced limited conservation measures, such as regulated timber extraction, to curb deforestation in the region.

Establishment of Satpura National Park – 1981

The establishment of Satpura National Park marked a significant milestone in conserving the region’s unique ecosystems and wildlife, driven by growing environmental awareness.

• Wildlife Surveys: In the 1970s, surveys by the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department identified the Satpura region’s rich biodiversity, including species like tigers, leopards, Indian gaur, and rare birds, prompting the need for formal protection.
• National Park Declaration: In 1981, Satpura was notified as a national park, covering 524.37 km² across the Hoshangabad district, encompassing the Denwa River, sandstone peaks, and dense forests of the Satpura Range.
• Conservation Measures: The park’s establishment restricted grazing, hunting, and resource extraction, creating a sanctuary for endangered species and preserving its pristine landscapes.

Integration into Project Tiger – 1999

Satpura’s inclusion in India’s Project Tiger initiative elevated its status as a critical tiger conservation area, expanding its scope and resources.

• Project Tiger Inclusion: In 1999, Satpura was designated a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, expanding its area to 2,133.31 km², including the Bori and Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuaries as buffer zones.
• Tiger Conservation: The tiger reserve status introduced stricter anti-poaching measures, habitat restoration, and monitoring programs, boosting the population of tigers and other predators in the region.
• Unique Safari Experiences: Unlike other tiger reserves, Satpura introduced innovative tourism activities like walking safaris, boat safaris on the Denwa River, and canoeing, enhancing visitor engagement while promoting conservation.

Modern Conservation and Legacy

Today, Satpura National Park stands as a model for sustainable conservation and eco-tourism, balancing wildlife protection with community engagement.

• Biodiversity Hotspot: The park is home to 50+ mammal species, 250+ bird species, and diverse flora, including tigers, leopards, sloth bears, and the critically endangered forest owlet, supported by ongoing research and monitoring.
• Community Engagement: Eco-tourism initiatives, such as homestays and local guide programs, empower tribal communities, reducing human-wildlife conflict and promoting sustainable livelihoods.
• Conservation Achievements: Despite challenges like habitat fragmentation and tourism pressure, Satpura’s conservation efforts have stabilized its tiger population, contributing to India’s 3,925 wild tigers as of 2023, while its pristine landscapes attract global eco-tourists.